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Is Lioh Soluble In Water

Written By Friday, 21 October 2022 Add Comment Edit
Lithium hydroxide
Lithiumhydroxide t.png
Lithium hydroxide
Kristallstruktur Lithiumhydroxid.png

Li+

O2−

H+

Lithium-hydroxide.jpg
Names
IUPAC name

Lithium hydroxide
Identifiers

CAS Number
  • 1310-65-2 check Y
  • 1310-66-3 (monohydrate)check Y

3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:33979 check Y
ChemSpider
  • 3802 check Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.804 Edit this at Wikidata

Gmelin Reference

 68415

PubChem CID

  • 3939
RTECS number
  • OJ6307070
UNII
  • 903YL31JAS check Y
  • G51XLP968G (monohydrate)check Y
United nations number 2680

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

  • DTXSID70893845 Edit this at Wikidata

InChI

  • InChI=1S/Li.H2O/h;1H2/q+one;/p-1check Y

    Cardinal: WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-Chiliadcheck Y

  • InChI=one/Li.H2o/h;1H2/q+i;/p-one

    Key: WMFOQBRAJBCJND-REWHXWOFAT

SMILES

  • [Li+].[OH-]
Properties

Chemical formula

 LiOH
Molar mass
  • 23.95 chiliad/mol (anhydrous)
  • 41.96 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance Hygroscopic white solid
Odor none
Density
  • 1.46 thou/cm3 (anhydrous)
  • 1.51 k/cm3 (monohydrate)
Melting point 462 °C (864 °F; 735 K)
Boiling point 924 °C (1,695 °F; 1,197 Thou) (decomposes)

Solubility in h2o
  • anhydrous:
  • 12.7 thou/(100 mL) (0 °C)
  • 12.viii grand/(100 mL) (20 °C)
  • 17.5 g/(100 mL) (100 °C)
  • monohydrate:
  • 22.3 g/(100 mL) (x °C)
  • 26.8 yard/(100 mL) (80 °C)[i]
Solubility in methanol
  • 9.76 g/(100 1000) (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
  • thirteen.69 k/(100 one thousand) (monohydrate; xx °C, 48 hours mixing)[2]
Solubility in ethanol
  • 2.36 g/(100 grand) (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
  • two.18 thousand/(100 g) (monohydrate; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)[2]
Solubility in isopropanol
  • 0 one thousand/(100 g) (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
  • 0.11 g/(100 thousand) (monohydrate; twenty °C, 48 hours mixing)[ii]
Acidity (pG a) fourteen.4[three]
Conjugate base of operations Lithium monoxide anion

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

 −12.3·10−half dozen cm3/mol

Refractive index (north D)
  • 1.464 (anhydrous)
  • 1.460 (monohydrate)

Dipole moment

 4.754 D[four]
Thermochemistry[5]

Heat capacity (C)

49.6 J/(mol·Thousand)

Std molar
entropy (South ⦵ 298)

42.8 J/(mol·Thousand)

Std enthalpy of
formation (Δf H ⦵ 298)

−487.5 kJ/mol

Gibbs free energy (Δf Chiliad ⦵)

−441.5 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of fusion (Δf H ⦵ fus)

xx.9 kJ/mol (at melting indicate)
Hazards
Occupational safety and wellness (OHS/OSH):

Main hazards

 Corrosive
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)

three

0

0

Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

 210 mg/kg (oral, rat)[six]
Prophylactic data sheet (SDS) "ICSC 0913".
"ICSC 0914". (monohydrate)
Related compounds

Other anions

 Lithium amide

Other cations
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Potassium hydroxide
  • Rubidium hydroxide
  • Caesium hydroxide

Related compounds

 Lithium oxide

Except where otherwise noted, information are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

☒ Due northverify (what is check Y ☒ N  ?)

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in h2o and slightly soluble in ethanol. Both are available commercially. While classified as a stiff base, lithium hydroxide is the weakest known element of group i hydroxide.

Production [edit]

The preferred feedstock is difficult-rock spodumene, where the lithium content is expressed as % lithium oxide.

Lithium carbonate route [edit]

Lithium hydroxide is frequently produced industrially from lithium carbonate in a metathesis reaction with calcium hydroxide:[7]

Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → two LiOH + CaCO3

The initially produced hydrate is dehydrated by heating under vacuum upwardly to 180 °C.

Lithium sulfate route [edit]

An alternative road involves the intermediacy of lithium sulfate:[8] [ix]

α-spodumene → β-spodumene
β-spodumene + CaO → Li2O + ...
LitwoO + H2And so4 → LiiiSOfour + H2O
Li2And so4 + 2 NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2 LiOH

The main by-products are gypsum and sodium sulphate, which have some market value.

Commercial setting [edit]

According to Bloomberg, Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd.[x] (GFL or Ganfeng)[xi] and Albemarle were the largest producers in 2020 with effectually 25kt/y, followed by Livent Corporation (FMC) and SQM.[10] Meaning new chapters is planned, to go along pace with demand driven by vehicle electrification. Ganfeng are to aggrandize lithium chemical capacity to 85,000 tons, adding the capacity leased from Jiangte, Ganfeng volition become the largest lithium hydroxide producer globally in 2021.[10]

Albemarle'southward Kemerton WA plant, originally planned to deliver 100kt/y has been scaled back to 50kt/y.[12]

In 2020 Tianqi Lithium'south, found in Kwinana, Western Australia is the largest producer, with a capacity of 48kt/y.[13]

Applications [edit]

Lithium ion batteries [edit]

Lithium hydroxide is mainly consumed in the production of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries such equally lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoOii ) and lithium iron phosphate. It is preferred over lithium carbonate as a forerunner for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides.[14]

Grease [edit]

A pop lithium grease thickener is lithium 12-hydroxystearate, which produces a general-purpose lubricating grease due to its high resistance to h2o and usefulness at a range of temperatures.

Carbon dioxide scrubbing [edit]

Lithium hydroxide is used in breathing gas purification systems for spacecraft, submarines, and rebreathers to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gas past producing lithium carbonate and water:[fifteen]

2 LiOH·HiiO + CO2 → Li2CO3 + 2 H2O

or

two LiOH + COii → Li2CO3 + HtwoO

The latter, anhydrous hydroxide, is preferred for its lower mass and lesser water production for respirator systems in spacecraft. One gram of anhydrous lithium hydroxide tin remove 450 cmiii of carbon dioxide gas. The monohydrate loses its water at 100–110 °C.

Precursor [edit]

Lithium hydroxide, together with lithium carbonate, is a key intermediates used for the product of other lithium compounds, illustrated past its employ in the product of lithium fluoride:[7]

LiOH + HF → LiF + HtwoO

Other uses [edit]

It is also used in ceramics and some Portland cement formulations. Lithium hydroxide (isotopically enriched in lithium-7) is used to alkalize the reactor coolant in pressurized water reactors for corrosion control.[sixteen] It is good radiations protection against free neutrons.

Price [edit]

In 2012, the price of lithium hydroxide was about $5-6/kg.[17]

In Dec 2020 it had risen to $9/kg[18]

On 18 March 2021 the price had risen to U.s.$xi.l/kg[19]

See also [edit]

  • Soda lime

References [edit]

  1. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Printing. ISBN0-8493-0487-three.
  2. ^ a b c Khosravi J (2007). Production of Lithium Peroxide and Lithium Oxide in an Alcohol Medium. Chapter 9: Results. ISBN978-0-494-38597-v.
  3. ^ Popov Thou, Lajunen LH, Popov A, Rönkkömäki H, Hannu-Kuure H, Vendilo A (2002). "7Li, 23Na, 39Chiliad and 133Cs NMR comparative equilibrium report of brine metal cation hydroxide complexes in aqueous solutions. Beginning numerical value for CsOH germination". Inorganic Chemical science Communications. 5 (3): 223–225. doi:ten.1016/S1387-7003(02)00335-0. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  4. ^ CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference volume of chemic and physical data. William M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2016-2017, 97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida. 2016. ISBN978-one-4987-5428-vi. OCLC 930681942. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ CRC handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data. William M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2016-2017, 97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida. 2016. ISBN978-one-4987-5428-6. OCLC 930681942. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  6. ^ Chambers M. "ChemIDplus – 1310-65-2 – WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M – Lithium hydroxide anhydrous – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.sister.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b Wietelmann U, Bauer RJ (2000). Ullmann'due south Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical science. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:ten.1002/14356007.a15_393.
  8. ^ "Proposed Albemarle Institute Site" (PDF). Albemarle . Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  9. ^ "Corporate presentation" (PDF). Nemaska Lithium. May 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  10. ^ a b c "China'south Ganfeng to Exist Largest Lithium Hydroxide Producer". BloombergNEF. x September 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  11. ^ "Ganfeng Lithium Group". Ganfeng Lithium . Retrieved 25 March 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Stephens, Kate; Lynch, Jacqueline (27 August 2020). "Slowing need for lithium sees WA's largest refinery scaled dorsum". www.abc.net.au.
  13. ^ "Largest of its kind lithium hydroxide found launched in Kwinana". Government of Western Australia. 10 September 2019. Retrieved four December 2020.
  14. ^ Barrera, Priscilla (27 June 2019). "Volition Lithium Hydroxide Really Overtake Lithium Carbonate? | INN". Investing News Network . Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  15. ^ Jaunsen JR (1989). "The Behavior and Capabilities of Lithium Hydroxide Carbon Dioxide Scrubbers in a Deep Ocean Environment". Usa Naval Academy Technical Report. USNA-TSPR-157. Archived from the original on 2009-08-24. Retrieved 2008-06-17 .
  16. ^ Managing Critical Isotopes: Stewardship of Lithium-7 Is Needed to Ensure a Stable Supply, GAO-13-716 // U.S. Government Accountability Part, 19 September 2013; pdf
  17. ^ "Lithium Prices 2012". investingnews.com. Investing News Network. 14 June 2012. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 12 Apr 2018.
  18. ^ "London Metallic Substitution: Lithium prices". London metal substitution . Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  19. ^ "LITHIUM AT THE LME". LME The London Metallic Exchange. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links [edit]

  • International Chemical Safety Card 0913 (anhydrous)
  • International Chemical Rubber Menu 0914 (monohydrate)

Is Lioh Soluble In Water,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydroxide

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